The abstract assumes the active use of sources of information (and not personal research and conclusions of the author). In order to refer to the author and not be accused of plagiarism, you need to correctly make footnotes in the abstract. When do you need footnotes in the abstract? A study of student work examples which you can find at write my papers shows that footnotes are not always used in abstracts methodology requires the use of "bibliographic references", and their type is left to the discretion of the university (or the author). Bibliographic references are: Intra-text, which are placed inside the text of the document. Subscripts, which are located at the bottom of the page (they are called footnotes). Out-of-text, which are placed in special callouts. Often manuals require the use of inline links. Footnotes are only provided if your department prefers this option. The design of footnotes in the abstract is performed not in arbitrary places, but after citation. Quotes can be classified for different reasons: By appointment: Quotes followed by the author's interpretation. Quotes cited as confirmation or as an addition to their own reasoning. By type: Direct - the words of the author are reproduced verbatim. Indirect - the thought is paraphrased by the author of the abstract. After direct quotes, a link is required (and such a quote is taken in quotes) which can be found at https://writemypapers.company/buy-thesis-paper web-site. After the indirect ones, it depends on the depth of processing of the material and the general knowledge of the given facts. For example, if the abstract says: "The Great Patriotic War began in 1941", it is not necessary to refer to the textbook from which this year is taken. How to correctly draw up footnotes in an abstract The rules for the design of footnotes are spelled out in methodology. If you don't want to mess with footnotes you can orde an editing service from the https://writemypapers.company/buy-compare-and-contrast-essay writing assignment help. After the quotation, a small figure (footnote number) is placed at the top, and at the bottom of the page - under the separating line - this figure is repeated with a “decryption” (description of the source). The description of the source is made according to a scheme similar to the description in the list of references, but there are differences. The list of the described elements is the same, but it is permissible to indicate not everything in the footnotes, omitting part of the information. It is necessary to indicate the author, title, place and year of publication - and information about the publisher, the volume of the document, series, etc. can be omitted. In a footnote, it is necessary to indicate the page in the document from which the information was taken so that an incredulous reader can easily find it (without re-reading the entire book). Punctuation marks in the description are arranged somewhat differently than in the bibliographic list. The names of the authors are not duplicated, all co-authors are indicated before the title. Duplicate references to the same source can be even more concise. If the primary and repeated links are located in a row on one page, the words “Ibid” are written in the repeated one instead of a full description. If the source is the same, but the page is different, the page number is indicated: “Ibid. S. 190 ". How to properly format the table of contents of the abstract Philosophy abstract topics Preparation for writing an abstract How to make a presentation for an abstract Physics, biology, economic abstract topics